Abstract Dental plaque is a soft, sticky biofilm that continuously forms on the surface of the teeth due to the accumulation of bacteria, food particles, and saliva. After eating, food debris that remains on or between the teeth provides an ideal environment for bacterial growth. As these bacteria multiply, they produce acids that gradually damage the tooth enamel, increasing the…
Read Article →Abstract Bad breath, medically known as halitosis, is a common condition that can affect people of all ages and significantly impact self-confidence and quality of life. While temporary bad breath is usually harmless, persistent halitosis often indicates an underlying oral or systemic health problem. Common causes include poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, tongue coating, dry mouth, smoking, dietary habits, and…
Read Article →Abstract Periodontal disease is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases affecting adults worldwide and has many negative effects on quality of life. Diabetes mellitus is a well-established risk factor for periodontal disease. Chronic periodontal inflammation contributes to insulin resistance and may impair glycemic control. Effective periodontal treatment has been shown to improve glycemic control in individuals with diabetes….
Read Article →Abstract Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential for individuals with kidney diseases, as oral infections and chronic periodontal inflammation can adversely affect kidney health. Poor oral health contributes to systemic inflammation, which may accelerate the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. Patients with CKD, particularly those undergoing dialysis or awaiting kidney transplantation, are…
Read Article →Abstract Herbal toothpastes are formulated to maintain good oral hygiene and keep the gums and teeth healthy. The outer layer or enamel of the tooth wears away if the toothpaste contains high content of abrasive agents. Herbal toothpastes have various ingredients that help to clean teeth and keep the breath fresh. The right choice of toothpaste is also important to…
Read Article →Abstract Our oral cavity and body are closely interconnected. Poor oral health can adversely affect overall health. A healthy oral microbiome helps maintain general well-being, whereas improper oral hygiene and lack of awareness can lead to an increase in harmful bacteria and the development of various diseases. Gum diseases such as gingivitis (inflammation of the gums) and periodontitis (inflammation involving…
Read Article →Chronic liver diseases often progress through stages of inflammation, fibrosis, and ultimately cirrhosis. Detecting fibrosis at an early stage is critical because the process may be partially reversible if the underlying cause is addressed. Historically, liver biopsy has been considered the reference standard for fibrosis evaluation. However, biopsy has several drawbacks, including invasiveness, sampling error, and difficulty in performing repeated…
Read Article →Abstract Gum bleeding is commonly a symptom of gingivitis (inflammation of the gums), but it may also occur due to periodontitis, nutritional deficiencies, hormonal changes, certain medications, systemic diseases, or blood disorders. The causes can vary, so a proper diagnosis and treatment plan are important for effective management. Maintaining good oral hygiene helps prevent plaque buildup on the teeth and…
Read Article →Indocyanine Green (ICG) Clearance Test Abstract The liver plays a critical role in metabolism, detoxification, synthesis of proteins, and excretion of metabolic waste. Evaluating the functional capacity of the liver is essential for diagnosing liver disease and determining the safety of surgical interventions involving hepatic tissue. Traditional liver function tests such as bilirubin, transaminases, and albumin provide indirect information about…
Read Article →Abstract The relationship between oral health and autoimmune disorders has gained increasing attention in recent years due to the close interaction between the immune system and the oral cavity. Autoimmune diseases can affect various oral tissues, leading to complications such as dry mouth, oral ulcers, gum disease, and tooth decay. Conversely, chronic oral inflammation, particularly periodontal disease, may contribute to…
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