Abstract Diabetes is a complex disease that affects the body’s ability to regulate blood glucose levels. There are mainly two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 is more common in children and young adults, whereas Type 2 is more commonly seen in adults. Both have different causes and onset. High blood glucose levels can lead to…
Abstract Our oral health is an indicator of our overall well-being. Good oral health can help prevent diseases, freshen the breath, and support overall health. Oral bacteria are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. There are both useful and harmful bacteria present in the oral cavity. Harmful bacteria increase in response to plaque deposition. Diet also plays an important…
Abstract Professional teeth cleaning helps prevent dental cavities and maintains gum health. A routine dental checkup after professional cleaning should be done every six months. If there is ongoing gum or periodontal disease, cleaning should be done according to the severity of the disease and the dentist’s recommendation. People with a history of tobacco use, smoking, or diabetes are at…
Abstract There’s a saying that "we are what we eat," and yes, that is true for our gums and teeth. Harmful oral bacteria feed on sugars and refined carbohydrates, producing acids that contribute to tooth decay. Proper nutrition, including essential vitamins and minerals, should be included in our daily diet as it promotes healthy gums and strong teeth. Along with…
Abstract When the tooth colour changes, it is referred to as tooth discoloration. The teeth may appear yellow, brown, grey, or stained due to various factors, ranging from poor oral hygiene to unhealthy lifestyle habits. The natural tooth colour varies from one individual to another. Discoloured teeth can affect a person’s confidence and social interactions, making them self-conscious about their…
Abstract Oral health is an essential component of maternal health during pregnancy. Hormonal and immunological changes that occur during pregnancy increase a woman’s susceptibility to dental infections such as gingivitis, periodontitis, and dental caries. If left untreated, these infections may contribute to systemic inflammation through the release of inflammatory mediators and bacterial toxins, potentially increasing the risk of adverse pregnancy…
Abstract Dental plaque is a soft, sticky biofilm that continuously forms on the surface of the teeth due to the accumulation of bacteria, food particles, and saliva. After eating, food debris that remains on or between the teeth provides an ideal environment for bacterial growth. As these bacteria multiply, they produce acids that gradually damage the tooth enamel, increasing the…
Abstract Bad breath, medically known as halitosis, is a common condition that can affect people of all ages and significantly impact self-confidence and quality of life. While temporary bad breath is usually harmless, persistent halitosis often indicates an underlying oral or systemic health problem. Common causes include poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease, tongue coating, dry mouth, smoking, dietary habits, and…
Abstract Periodontal disease is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases affecting adults worldwide and has many negative effects on quality of life. Diabetes mellitus is a well-established risk factor for periodontal disease. Chronic periodontal inflammation contributes to insulin resistance and may impair glycemic control. Effective periodontal treatment has been shown to improve glycemic control in individuals with diabetes….
Abstract Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential for individuals with kidney diseases, as oral infections and chronic periodontal inflammation can adversely affect kidney health. Poor oral health contributes to systemic inflammation, which may accelerate the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. Patients with CKD, particularly those undergoing dialysis or awaiting kidney transplantation, are…