Abstract Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant tumor of the salivary glands, characterized by a heterogeneous mixture of mucous, epidermoid, and intermediate cells. It exhibits a wide biological spectrum ranging from low-grade indolent lesions to high-grade aggressive malignancies with metastatic potential. Although it most frequently arises in the parotid gland, MEC can also develop in minor salivary glands,…
Abstract The larynx plays a critical role in phonation, respiration, and airway protection and is anatomically divided into the supraglottis, glottis, and subglottis. The subglottic region extends from approximately 1 cm below the vocal cords to the inferior margin of the cricoid cartilage. Malignancies originating in this region are uncommon but clinically significant due to their tendency for circumferential spread,…
Abstract Glottis cancer is a malignant tumor originating from the true vocal cords within the larynx and is predominantly of squamous cell origin. It represents the most frequently diagnosed subtype of laryngeal cancer and is notable for its early clinical presentation due to voice-related symptoms. Early detection often allows organ-preserving treatment with excellent survival outcomes. Despite favorable prognosis in early…
Abstract Modern lifestyle patterns, including sedentary behavior, irregular food habits, and increased intake of processed foods, have led to a rise in digestive disorders such as chronic constipation. This condition plays a major role in the development of hemorrhoids (piles), which are swollen vascular cushions in the anal canal that become symptomatic due to increased pressure and straining. Over time,…
Abstract The liver performs numerous vital physiological functions including detoxification, protein synthesis, bile production, and metabolic regulation. Chronic liver diseases gradually impair these functions through inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular damage. Early detection of liver pathology is critical for preventing disease progression and improving patient outcomes. Traditional liver function tests such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin provide…
Abstract Physical inactivity is one of the leading risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and is often associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits. Regular physical activity plays a crucial role in maintaining cardiovascular health and reducing the risk of heart-related disorders. Tai Chi, a traditional mind-body exercise characterized by slow, controlled movements and deep breathing, has gained popularity as a safe and…
Abstract Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that primarily affects the large intestine. According to Ayurveda, Agni (digestive fire) plays a vital role in maintaining digestion, metabolism, and overall health. When Agni becomes impaired, it may lead to a condition known as Grahani Roga (IBS or Malabsorption Syndrome), in which food is not properly digested and…
Abstract Ayurveda and the traditional healing systems of India have long recognized the importance of therapeutic bodywork in maintaining health and restoring balance. Among the various forms of traditional massage practiced in India, Abhyanga and Kalari Massage hold special significance. While both therapies involve the application of medicated oils and manual manipulation of the body, their origins, objectives, techniques, and…
Abstract Genetic neurodegenerative disorders comprise a diverse group of inherited conditions characterized by the progressive degeneration of neurons, leading to impairment of motor, sensory, cognitive, and other neurological functions. Among these disorders, Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 12 (SCA12) is a rare autosomal dominant condition that primarily affects the cerebellum, resulting in progressive tremors, ataxia, impaired coordination, and speech disturbances. SCA12 is…
Cardiovascular diseases remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Medications such as Carvedilol play a vital role in the management of hypertension, chronic heart failure, and left ventricular dysfunction by reducing sympathetic overactivity and improving cardiac function. Unlike conventional beta-blockers, Carvedilol exhibits dual action by blocking both β-adrenergic and α1-adrenergic receptors while also exerting antioxidant and…