ABSTRACT Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting women of reproductive age It is now called Polycystic Metabolism Disease. It is characterized by disturbances in ovulation, altered ovarian function, hormonal imbalance, and metabolic changes. Menstrual irregularity, acne, unwanted hair growth, weight gain, and difficulty in conception are frequently observed clinical features. The condition is multifactorial,…
Abstract Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is often described as a silent disease because the kidneys can lose substantial function before obvious symptoms appear. Behind this silence, millions of nephrons may gradually decline, affecting fluid balance, blood pressure, mineral metabolism, and waste removal. Diabetes and hypertension remain major drivers, while glomerular, hereditary, obstructive, and systemic diseases can also contribute. Early detection…
Abstract Acidity and heartburn are among the most common digestive complaints worldwide. While antacids provide quick relief by neutralizing stomach acid, their frequent or prolonged use may only suppress symptoms without addressing the underlying cause. Over time, excessive dependence on antacids may interfere with normal digestion and nutrient absorption. Ayurveda offers a holistic approach by identifying the root cause of…
Abstract Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (PVNS), now commonly classified within the spectrum of tenosynovial giant cell tumors, is an uncommon proliferative disorder affecting the synovial lining of joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths. It is characterized by excessive synovial proliferation and hemosiderin accumulation, leading to progressive joint swelling, pain, stiffness, and restricted movement. The knee and hip are frequently involved, although other…
Abstract Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), now commonly termed immune thrombocytopenia, is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia resulting from increased platelet destruction and impaired platelet production. It may occur at any age and can present with petechiae, purpura, easy bruising, mucosal bleeding, or, in severe cases, internal hemorrhage. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical assessment, complete blood count,…
Abstract Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterised by persistent inflammation of the colonic and rectal mucosa, commonly presenting with recurrent diarrhoea, rectal bleeding, abdominal discomfort, and urgency. Its development involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation, gut microbiota, and environmental factors. The disease generally follows a relapsing and remitting course, with symptoms ranging from mild to…
Introduction Fatty liver disease is a common metabolic condition characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver. It is frequently associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels, and a sedentary lifestyle. Alcohol consumption can also contribute to liver fat accumulation and liver injury. In its early stages, fatty liver disease may cause no…
ABSTRACT Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune condition in which body’s immune system destroys platelets which leads to a low platelet count and increased risk of bleeding. It affects approximately 2–4 adults per 100,000 people every year and it can occur at any age. In children, ITP often develops after a viral infection, while in adults it may become persistent…