Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a perplexing large vessel vasculitis that had been recognised for more than 200 years but continues to be a big therapeutic challenge for the physicians. It is a rare type of vasculitis, that causes vessel inflammation. In refractory Takayasu arteritis, the inflammation damages the large artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of…
Introduction Terminal Ileitis is considered as a chronic inflammatory disease that affects very end of the small intestine (terminal ileum), the part of the small intestine closest to the colon, making it narrow. This disease starts with the formation of ulcers in the small and large intestines. Terminal ileitis is generally caused by interactions between environmental, immunological and bacterial factors…