Ayurvedic Treatment for Seasonal Affective Disorder – Causes, Symptoms & Herbal Supplements

Abstract

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a subtype of depression that occurs in response to seasonal changes. SAD significantly impacts mental and physical health. It is characterized by low mood, lethargy, hypersomnia, increased appetite, and social withdrawal. The disorder is believed to be related to changes in light exposure, which disrupt circadian rhythms and affect serotonin and melatonin levels. This article explores the causes, symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and current treatment approaches for SAD, including light therapy, medication, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Increasing awareness and early intervention are critical to improving the quality of life for individuals affected by this condition.

Introduction

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a common mood disorder that affects individuals primarily during the fall and winter months when daylight hours are shorter. It is estimated that millions of people worldwide experience this condition, with those living in northern latitudes being particularly susceptible. While SAD shares many characteristics with major depressive disorder (MDD), it has a unique seasonal pattern. Understanding this disorder’s causes, signs, and available treatments can empower individuals to manage it effectively, improving overall well-being during challenging seasons. Its symptoms generally subside with the arrival of spring or summer. SAD can be classified as either “winter-pattern” SAD, where symptoms occur primarily in the colder months, or “summer-pattern” SAD, which is less common and presents during the warmer months. While it is expected to feel the occasional “winter blues,” SAD represents a more severe form of depression, significantly affecting one’s ability to function and enjoy daily life.

How SAD Develops?

SAD typically begins to manifest in individuals in their late teens or early adulthood, though it can affect people of any age. The disorder tends to progress over time, often worsening if left untreated. As winter approaches, individuals may begin experiencing early signs of fatigue, irritability, and low motivation, which can gradually intensify, leading to more pronounced symptoms like changes in sleep patterns, appetite, and social withdrawal. Some individuals may experience periods of remission, particularly as daylight increases in the spring and summer.

What Causes SAD?

While the exact cause of SAD is not entirely understood, several factors are believed to contribute to its development:

1. Reduced sunlight exposure

Longer nights and shorter days during fall and winter disrupt the body’s internal clock (circadian rhythm), affecting sleep patterns and mood regulation. A lack of sunlight can lead to lower serotonin levels in the brain, a neurotransmitter involved in mood stabilization.

2. Vitamin D deficiency

Sunlight is a natural source of vitamin D, and a deficiency in this nutrient has been associated with depressive symptoms. During the winter months, when sunlight exposure is limited, vitamin D levels can decrease, potentially triggering or exacerbating SAD.

3. Melatonin imbalance

Melatonin is a hormone that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles. In response to less sunlight, the body may produce excess melatonin, which can cause feelings of tiredness, lethargy, and even depression.

4. Genetic and biological factors

Individuals with a family history of depression or SAD are more likely to develop the disorder. Genetic predisposition may influence how a person’s brain responds to light and regulates mood.

5. Geographic location

People living at higher latitudes or regions with long winters are at greater risk due to prolonged exposure to reduced daylight.

Signs and Symptoms of SAD

The symptoms of SAD can be similar to those of depression, but they follow a predictable seasonal pattern. Common signs include:

• Persistent low mood or feelings of sadness and hopelessness, empty mood most of the day.
• Fatigue or loss of energy, even after a full night’s sleep, not feeling to do any physical exercise or play any sports, or physical activity.
• Changes in sleep patterns, such as oversleeping or difficulty waking up in the morning
• Increased appetite, often craving carbohydrates or sweets, which may lead to weight gain
• Social withdrawal and difficulty maintaining relationships. Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
• Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed, including hobbies and work. Physical aches or pain, headache, cramping, or digestive problems that do not have a clear physical cause.
• Irritability or feelings of anxiety

Symptoms of SAD for winter patterns

Oversleeping, overeating, craving for carbohydrate rich food, leading to weight gain, social distance.

Symptoms of SAD for summer patterns

Difficulty in sleeping, loss of appetite, person being very aggressive, shouting on others, being restless.

In more severe cases, individuals may experience thoughts of suicide, and immediate professional help should be sought if this occurs.

Diagnosis of SAD

There are some criteria to diagnose SAD, which are as follows:

Diagnostic Criteria (Based on DSM-5)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) classifies SAD as a specifier for Major Depressive Disorder or Bipolar Disorder, called “with seasonal pattern.” The criteria include:

1. Symptoms of depression occur during specific seasons
2. Remission or significant reduction of symptoms must occur during other times of the year (usually spring/summer)
3. The seasonal episodes must have occurred for at least two consecutive years
4. There must be more seasonal episodes than non-seasonal episodes over the lifetime of the individual.
5. The symptoms must cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Common Tools and Methods for Diagnosis

• Clinical Interview: A mental health professional will ask about mood changes, energy levels, sleep, appetite, and activity levels during different times of the year.
• Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ): This self-report tool helps identify individuals who may experience seasonal variations in mood and behavior. It includes questions about sleep, social activity, weight, appetite, and energy across the seasons.
• Depression Screening Instruments: Standardized questionnaires like the PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire) may also be used to assess depression severity.
• Medical History and Physical Exam: A healthcare provider may conduct blood tests to rule out physical health problems such as hypothyroidism or vitamin D deficiency, which can mimic or worsen depressive symptoms.

Differential Diagnosis

SAD must be distinguished from:

• Major Depressive Disorder (non-seasonal)
• Bipolar Disorder (without a seasonal pattern)
• Dysthymia (Persistent Depressive Disorder)
• Thyroid disorders
• Chronic fatigue syndrome
• Other mood or anxiety disorders

Importance of Early Diagnosis

Identifying SAD early allows for timely intervention and better outcomes. Many people delay seeking help, attributing their symptoms to laziness, stress, or normal seasonal mood changes. However, untreated SAD can significantly impact the quality of life and may worsen over time.

Treatment of SAD

Seasonal Affective Disorder is a serious condition that requires attention and care. The good news is that it is treatable. Some common treatment options include:

1. Light Therapy

Exposure to bright light, particularly early in the morning, is one of the most effective treatments for SAD. Special light boxes designed for light therapy can simulate natural sunlight and help regulate circadian rhythms.

2. Medication

Antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), can be prescribed to help manage the symptoms of SAD by balancing serotonin levels in the brain.

3. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A type of psychotherapy that helps individuals identify negative thought patterns and develop coping strategies. CBT can help individuals with SAD reframe their thinking and adopt more positive behaviors.

4. Lifestyle Changes

Maintaining a healthy routine with regular exercise, a balanced diet, and sufficient sleep can improve overall well-being and help combat SAD.

5. Vitamin D

A deficiency in vitamin D is thought to contribute to SAD. Taking vitamin D supplements or increasing sunlight exposure can help improve mood for some individuals.

According to Ayurveda

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is understood in terms of the doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) and how they are influenced by seasonal changes. Ayurveda views health as a balance between body, mind, and environment, and imbalances in any of these can lead to physical or mental health conditions. SAD typically occurs during winter when the days are shorter and there is less sunlight, leading to increased Kapha dosha. Kapha governs elements of earth and water, and an excess of Kapha can cause symptoms like depression, lethargy, and weight gain. This imbalance may also trigger Vata dosha, which governs movement and can cause feelings of anxiety or restlessness. In Ayurveda, SAD would be managed by addressing the doshas imbalances, particularly focusing on balancing Kapha and Vata. Key practices involve diet, lifestyle modifications, and herbal treatments that promote vitality, warmth, and lightness.

“यथा सञ्जातवातपित्तकफवातेषु कारणेषु शरीरस्य व्याधयः सिद्धा होते।”

(Charaka Samhita, Sutrasthana 11.44)

When the causes of imbalance in the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) are activated, diseases arise in the body. This Shloka highlights the balance of the doshas. An aggravation of Kapha and Vata during the colder months can lead to disorders such as SAD.

“आग्निरारोग्यं सुखं”

(Charaka Samhita, Sutrasthana 11.8)

Agni is the root cause of health and happiness. In Ayurveda, Agni (digestive fire) is central to overall health. During winter, Agni can become weak, leading to an accumulation of toxins (ama) in the body and mind, contributing to depression and fatigue.

As per Rituchariya

It is the Ayurvedic guideline for maintaining health throughout the changing seasons. According to Ayurveda, each season (Ritu) has its qualities (gunas) that influence the doshas, and the body must adapt to these changes to prevent imbalances. SAD primarily occurs during the winter and transition between seasons, when cold, damp, and heavy qualities aggravate Kapha dosha and can disturb Vata dosha.

Winter (Hemanta & Shishira Ritu):

Winter and the early part of spring (Hemanta and Shishira Ritu) are the seasons most commonly associated with SAD because they aggravate Kapha. Cold, damp, and heavy qualities lead to an increase in Kapha dosha, which manifests in symptoms such as lethargy, depression, and sluggishness, characteristic of SAD.

Spring Transition (Vasant Ritu):

Spring is another season when Kapha can aggravate due to the melting of winter’s cold, damp conditions. In Ayurveda, it is advised to cleanse and detoxify during this season to prevent the build-up of Ama (toxins), which could contribute to mental fog and depression.

Lifestyle Adjustments

1. Regular Daily Routine (Dinacharya): Maintaining a consistent daily routine, including regular sleep schedules, meals, and activities, can help stabilize the body’s rhythms and prevent Vata aggravation.
2. Warmth and Comfort: During colder months, staying warm and comfortable with appropriate clothing and shelter can help calm Vata.
3. Engage in Activities: Make time for pleasant and engaging activities, both indoors and outdoors, to combat the loss of interest often experienced during the winter months.

Dietary Recommendations

1. Warming Foods: Consume warming and nourishing foods, such as soups, stews, and root vegetables, to balance Vata and provide energy.
2. Avoid Cold and Raw Foods: Limit consumption of cold, raw, and processed foods, which can further aggravate Vata.
3. Spices: Incorporate warming spices like ginger, turmeric, and cinnamon into your diet to promote digestion and boost energy.

Mind-Body Practices

1. Meditation and Mindfulness: Regular meditation and mindfulness practices can help calm the mind, reduce stress, and promote emotional balance.
2. Yoga and Pranayama: Practicing yoga, especially gentle postures and breathing exercises (pranayama), can help balance the nervous system and promote relaxation.
3. Abhyanga (Self-Massage): Daily self-massage with warm herbal oils, like sesame oil, can help calm the nervous system, reduce stress, and balance the doshas.

Herbal Remedies for SAD by Planet Ayurveda

Planet Ayurveda is a trusted Ayurvedic brand offering 100% natural, pure, and vegetarian herbal products. It follows classical Ayurvedic principles combined with modern manufacturing practices to ensure safety, quality, and effectiveness. All products are free from chemicals, additives, and preservatives, and are made in GMP-certified facilities. Planet Ayurveda provides a wide range of herbal supplements for immunity, detoxification, and management of various health conditions. With a focus on holistic healing and preventive care, it promotes a balanced lifestyle through Ayurveda. For conditions like Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), Planet Ayurveda offers effective herbal solutions that help uplift mood and support emotional well-being. Now, we are explaining such beneficial formulations in detail.

1. Neurogenie capsules

Neurogenie capsules come with a combination of two herbs, which are Bramhi (Baccopa monnieri) and Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera). These capsules may help in SAD by supporting mood balance and brain function. They often reduce stress, uplift mood, and improve mental clarity. These herbs may help regulate serotonin levels, easing symptoms of depression linked to seasonal changes.

Dosage: 1-2 capsules twice daily with plain water after meals.

2. Ashwagandha capsules

Ashwagandha capsules is a single herbal formulation manufactured by Planet Ayurveda. These capsules contain extract of Ashwagandha roots (Withania somnifera). It is used for depression management and mimics the effect of anti-depressive and anxiolytic drugs, suggesting that it may improve stress resilience and cognitive function, both of which are crucial for mental well-being.

Dosage: 1-2 capsules twice daily with plain water after meals.

3. Calm Easy tea

Calm Easy Tea is a herbal tea formulated by Planet Ayurveda in the form of Tea bags. It includes cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), etc. Combining these herbs in one remedy makes this remedy a good Anti-depressant. Also, by reducing depression, this tea keeps one active throughout the day. A person can add this tea along with the above-mentioned herbal remedies for better results.

Dosage: 1-2 capsules twice daily with plain water after meals.

Conclusion

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a treatable condition, and there are a variety of strategies and therapies available to help manage its symptoms. From light therapy and medication to lifestyle changes and psychotherapy, individuals with SAD can find relief and regain balance in their lives. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of SAD, it’s important to seek professional help to discuss the best treatment options. With the right approach, people with SAD can thrive through the seasons.