ABSTRACT The PIVKA-II Test, also known as Des-gamma-carboxy Prothrombin (DCP), is an important biochemical marker used primarily in the diagnosis and monitoring of liver diseases. It is widely recognized as a tumor marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, the most common type of primary liver cancer. Normally, PIVKA-II levels remain low in healthy individuals, typically below 40 mAU/mL. However, elevated levels may…
Abstract The liver performs numerous vital physiological functions including detoxification, protein synthesis, bile production, and metabolic regulation. Chronic liver diseases gradually impair these functions through inflammation, fibrosis, and cellular damage. Early detection of liver pathology is critical for preventing disease progression and improving patient outcomes. Traditional liver function tests such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin provide…