Abstract Chronic kidney disease is a progressive condition characterized by the kidneys gradually losing their ability to filter waste and maintain the body’s fluid and mineral balance. It may develop silently, with symptoms appearing only when kidney function is significantly affected. Diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and unhealthy lifestyle habits are common contributing factors. Early diagnosis and timely management can help slow…
ABSTRACT Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major health concern that is marked by an irreversible and gradual loss of kidney function, which leads to the accumulation of nitrogenous wastes and electrolyte imbalance. From a modern clinical viewpoint, CKD commonly results from glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or long-term use of nephrotoxic drugs. It deteriorates through five stages, ultimately leading to…