Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a long-term inflammatory skin condition characterised by recurrent episodes of itching, dryness, redness, irritation, and eczematous skin lesions. Its development involves several interconnected factors, including disruption of the skin barrier, abnormal immune responses, genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and alterations in the skin microbiome. Persistent pruritus can result in frequent scratching, which further weakens the skin…